The International Conference “The Challenge of Local Government Size: Theoretical Perspectives, International Experience, and Policy Reform” was held at the historic Pazo de Mariñán in A Coruña, Galicia (Spain), on September 29–30, 2011. Organized by Santiago Lago-Peñas (University of Vigo and REDE) and Jorge Martínez-Vázquez (Georgia State University and REDE), the event gathered leading academics and policymakers to debate how the size of local governments affects efficiency, representation, corruption, and service delivery. Across two days of panels, participants examined comparative experiences from Europe and beyond, discussed the trade-offs of government amalgamation, and explored reform options for strengthening local governance. The conference offered a unique platform for dialogue on one of the most pressing issues in public sector organization