The 4th International Conference on Health Care Expenditure: Looking Beyond the Demographic Aging Trends, Technology Development and Economic Growth was held in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia (Spain), on October 23–24, 2019. Directed by David Cantarero-Prieto (University of Cantabria–IDIVAL and GEN), Santiago Lago-Peñas (GEN–University of Vigo), and Berta Rivera (University of A Coruña and GEN), the conference convened leading international scholars and policymakers to discuss the determinants and consequences of rising health care spending. Over two days, sessions addressed the interplay between demographic change, technological progress, and economic growth, examining issues such as public versus private roles in health expenditure, the costs of hospital treatments across Europe, financing models for universal health coverage, and the relationship between GDP and health care. The event fostered a vibrant exchange of perspectives, offering rigorous insights into one of the most pressing challenges for the sustainability and equity of health systems worldwide.